Introduction: Education and learning systems are globally evolving toward self-learning-based educational models. The purpose of this study was to determine the features and principles of developing a self-learning module, compare the self-learning module with other methods of teaching, and explore the effects of self-learning module on learning.

Methods: In this review study, data were collected by searching through online databases such as Scopus, web of science, PubMed, Magiran and SID with the keywords self-learning, online modules, self-direct learning, self-learning module and web-based module with no time limit.

Results: A total of 27 articles were reviewed. This review study explored the features of self-learning modules (flexibility, accessibility and transferability, easiness, learner’s accountability, motivating the learner, cost-effectiveness, safe learning environment and saving time); in addition, the principles of developing the self-learning module as well as factors associated with the effects of self-learning module were identified.

Conclusion: Since this paper revealed many aspects of the self-learning module, it is suggested that faculty members become more familiar with this educational approach and apply it.