Showing 17 results for Clerkship
Arash Haddadgar, Reza Joshan, Tahereh Changiz, Behzad Shams, Alireza Yousefy,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (6-2000)
Abstract
Introduction: Clinical education environment is unfamiliar to students, comparing to previous learning environments. It seems that designing a program to match actual needs of students for adopting to this new environment may lead to more cooperation of them and improve educational outcomes:
Method: Learning needs for such a course were assessed according to viewpoints of both medical students in the first year of clinical clerkship and expert clinical teachers. The course was implemented as a two-day seminar, and the attitudes and outcomes were measured with a self-administered questionnaire.
Findings: Although the course was optional for the students, the majority of students participated in it to the end. Most of them claimed that the program was useful and essential in improving their activities and knowledge.
Discussion: Regarding the active participation of students during designing process and implementation of this course and their satisfaction of participation, it seems that this program helped those students sho are to enter clinical clerkship, yet more specialized courses are felt needed. Coordination of all authorities who are responsible for clinical education in designing a complete course of clinical introduction is essential.
Reza Khadivi, Shams Ali Khosravi,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (12-2004)
Abstract
Introduction. Community-Oriented Medical Education (COME), compared to traditional education in hospitals is considered a new educational approach in the school of medicine. This study was designed to determine the quality of education during the Clerkship and internship in community medicine course in Shahrekord Medical University. Methods. In a descriptive cross-sectional study, 41 clerckship students and 14 interns selected by convenience sampling method were studied. The data was collected by a valid and reliable questionnaire and analyzed by descriptive statistics using SPSS software. Results. Eighty percent of Clerkship students and less than 50% of interns were satisfied with the course plan, the content of the workshop, the presence of faculty members and answering Students’ questions. In addition, more than 80% of Clerkship students and less than 42% of interns revealed their satisfaction from teaching health management such as collecting data, data analysis, prioritizing the problems, and planning and evaluation. Teaching specific programs such as vaccination, family planning and so on was supported by more than 85% of clerkship students, and almost 97.5% of them were satisfied with teaching situational analysis of health care system. Conclusion. Considering community oriented education approach in medical schools of the world and spending one month community medicine as an obligatory course in all medical schools of Iran, the revision of community medicine course seems necessary.
Hamid Amouzegar, Mahmoud Haghighat, Mohammad Rahim Kadivar, Maryam Gholami,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (6-2007)
Abstract
Introduction: Using logbooks in different sections of medical education has been helpful in investigating the educational status of medical students. In order to identify the educational status of clerkship students in pediatric ward, this study was designed to determine the condition of education as well as practical works of clerkship students based on their logbooks in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, medical students’ logbooks of a three month pediatric clerkship filled by 45 students in 2005, were studied and statistically analyzed. Clerkship students in pediatric ward received a handbook containing a list of diseases and procedures, and reported them based on their exposure as observation in morning classes or having a role in the treatment of the disease. The Mean of the frequency of observations in each part was analyzed by SPSS software. Results: In pediatric ambulatory clinic, neonates emergency, pediatric emergency and pediatric general ward, 60.73% of the diseases mentioned in the list, were observed by students. In subspecialty wards, 18.16% of diseases were observed by students. Almost 59% of all procedures had been performed by each student. Conclusion: logbooks are suitable means for evaluation of educational status and are able to determine the acquired experiences in educational courses and reveal the deficiencies in learning process. In this study there was a major difference between students’ familiarity with educational subheadings in specialty and subspecialty wards which is necessary to consider. Applying this method in evaluation of medical students’ educational status is recommended.
Peyman Adibi, Reza Alizadeh,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (6-2007)
Abstract
Introduction: Clinical rounds as one of the clinical teaching methods, may cause adverse effects on patients and the medical team is able to report such problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of clinical rounds on patients from medical teams' points of view.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 members of clinical care team including clerkship and internship students and nurses who were selected through convenient sampling method in educational hospitals affiliated to Isfahan Medical University. A questionnaire containing demo-graphic features, items asking the medical team's viewpoint about the method of running medical rounds, the list of events experienced by the patient, and medical team opinions regarding the patients' feelings toward the manner of clinical round was distributed as self-administered. The data was analyzed by SPSS software using frequency distribution, mean and standard deviation, and the comparisons were made by ANOVA.
Results: The medical team believed that patients had the most satisfaction from performing procedures by interns and residents, precision and follow up in therapeutic affairs, general outcome of hospitalization, and the duration of visits. Their least satisfaction was about the number of examiners, the duration of patient's encounter with the main physician, explanation about the disease and taking the patient’s opinion into account in decision making.
Conclusion: Based on the medical team's opinion, the current method of clinical rounds may cause dissatis-faction in patients and result in undesirable consequences. Revision and reforming the current situation of rounds can lead to the improvement of this process.
Sima Rafiei, Sina Abdollahzadeh, Mahsa Ghajarzadeh, Peyman Habibollahi, Ahmad Fayazbakhsh,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (9-2008)
Abstract
Introduction: Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) is a set of methods and resources for finding and employing the best evidences among present resources in order to manage each patient. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of an introductory course of EBM on critical appraisal skills of medical students. Methods: This Randomized Clinical Trials (RCT) was performed on clerkship students in Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2007. Thirty-five clerkship medical students enrolled in a two day EBM workshop in students' Scientific Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Each participant filled out a standard questionnaire before and just after the workshop. Paired t-test was used to compare participants' responses to the questions before and after the workshop. Results: According to the findings, a significant change was observed in critical appraisal skills of medical students after the intervention. Conclusion: A short-term introductory course on EBM may increase critical appraisal skills of medical students effectively.
Kourosh Vahidshahi, Mitra Mahmoudi, Leila Shahbaznejad, Hossein Zamani, Sara Ehteshami,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (10-2009)
Abstract
Introduction: Appropriate and effective education for medical students is critically important in promoting and maintaining society's health and the role of residents is undeniable in medical students' education. The aim of this study was to determine the attitude of clerkship students, Interns and residents towards the teaching role of residents in Sari Medical School in 2007. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the statistical population included all clerkship students, interns, and residents (n=250) in all wards having residents in medical school of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in 2007. Using census sampling method, 192 persons were investigated. The data gather-ing tool was a questionnaire including 4 demographic and 20 attitude items. The data was analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics, Chi², and ANOVA. Results: Among respondents, 47%, 39% and 13% were clerkship students, interns, and residents , respect-ively. The participants' attitudes were dissimilar in different clinical departments. The most positive attitude belonged to psychiatry department (70% with positive attitude) and after that in pediatrics, gynecology, internal medicine, and surgery departments, 50% or less had a positive attitude. The attitude of residents was much more positive than that of clerkship students and interns. So that, 23% of clerkship students, 38% of interns, and 58% of residents had a positive attitude and none of the residents had a negative attitude toward their own education. Conclusion: The attitude of participants towards the teaching role of residents was dissimilar in different wards and the attitude of residents was much dissimilar to that of clerkship students and interns. It is necessary to pay more attention to the teaching role of residents.
Fereshteh Aein, Fatemeh Alhani, Monireh Anoosheh,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (1-2010)
Abstract
Introduction: Most studies concerning clinical education of nursing students have been performed qualita-tively. This study was performed to more deeply investigate the students’ education at nursing clerkship and explore the experiences of nursing students, instructors, and hospital administrators from the clinical educa-tion of nursing students. Methods: In a qualitative study a semi-structured interview was done with 8 nursing students at the end of clerkship, four nurses working as ward administrators, an education supervisor, and two supervising instructors. Qualitative content analysis was employed for analyzing the data. Results: Six central variables were realized (emerged) including lack of readiness for entering into clinical learning environment, undesirability of student assessment process, lack of advantageous relationship between the nursing school and the hospital, ideal planning for clerkship shifts, deficiency in clinical educa-tion, and the effects of clerkship on hospital and patients' affairs. Conclusion: According to the findings of the study, it is necessary for the nursing administrators to place more effort to resolve the present problems specially the relationship between the nursing school and the hospital, and to renovate hospital into a favorable learning space to meet educational goals of nursing clerkship
Massoumeh Delaram, Mina Tootoonchi,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (1-2010)
Abstract
Introduction: Although experts put emphasis on student assessment by the teacher, an established method is self-assessment. The aim of this study was to compare students' self-assessment to evaluation by teachers in obstetrics clerkship course for midwifery students of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This descriptive study was performed on 71 students of 3rd semester of midwifery in Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences who passed obstetrics clerkship course in years of 2006 to 2008, and 7 midwifery instructors trained these students during the course. The data was gathered using a form for obstetrics clerkship. The form was developed by midwifery department members based on headings of the course being used for student assessment at the end of each semester. The evaluation form was completed by instructors and the students themselves at the end of the semester. Data was analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics and paired T test. Results: Mean and standard deviation of the total score of instructors' assessment and students self-assessment was 55.90±5.8 and 57.40±6.2 respectively out of total score of seventy. It was 16.50±1.72 and 16.12±1.55 out of total score of twenty. No significant difference was observed between the mean score of assessment by instructors and the mean score of students' self-assessment. Conclusion: The results of instructors' assessment and that of students were similar. This may indicate that students can judge their own performance, to some extent, similar to their instructors. Students' opinions on their own performance and using it by instructors in student assessment may help in correction of contemporary evaluation scores.
Tooba Kazemi, Tahereh Khazaei, Banafsheh Zolfaghari, Zahra Sayah,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (10-2010)
Abstract
Introduction: Being competent in performing clinical skills is necessary in medical profession. Acquiring essential competencies requires for time, patience, and practice in an appropriate context. Logbook is an instructional notebook in which there is a list of skills students must learn. These skills have been organized according to the opinion of faculty members of each ward and the international objectives set by ministry. The educational process could be evaluated continuously by means of these logbooks. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of using log books on clinical skills learning in cardiology ward. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 60 clerkship and internship students of cardiology ward in 2007-2008. In the first phase, students entering cardiology ward were selected as the control group. They received the usual instructions on clinical skills of the ward. In the second phase, logbooks were distributed among the next group of students as the experiment group and necessary explanations were provided for them. Students were asked to fill the required parts in the logbook and confirm them by their teacher. The educational content for both groups was the same. At the end of the course, students of each group were evaluated by their teachers using checklists for every single competency. Scores achieved for each competency were added up separately. The Mean scores of competencies achieved by students of both groups were compared using t-test. Results: The mean scores of all competencies achieved by the experiment group were significantly higher compared to those of the control group (α<0.05). In addition to comparing mean scores, total scores of competencies of clerks and interns in both groups were summed up and ranked qualitatively. So, the control group was ranked as average and the experiment group as good. Conclusion: Identifying educational objectives and providing guidelines through logbook could be an effective model for directing students towards clinical goals and improving the quality of education.
Jafar Sadegh Tabrizi, Ladan Mardani, Hadi Kalantari, Zahra Hamzehei,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (1-2011)
Abstract
Introduction: Health services management and family health students require professional knowledge and skills to meet clients’ and health systems needs and expectations. In this area, clerkship has a fundamental role to achieve specific skills and competencies. This study aimed at exploring the root problems in clerkship from the viewpoint of students in order to suggest applicable recommendations to promote the quality of education and design an appropriate clerkship program. Methods: This is a qualitative research conducted to detect clerkship problems in health services management and family health programs in July2008. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) as a qualitative data collection method was used to determine clerkship problems from the perspective of health services management and family health students. Three FGDs were carried out with 22 students. Results: The results showed that themes of coordination, teaching and supervision in the fields, tutor attendance in the fields and final exam were as the most important problem roots. Themes of planning, lesson plan, educational resources, field report and orientation workshops were found as relatively important problems. Finally, themes of hands-on practice, checking students’ presence, field workers cooperation and their satisfaction were the least important problems. Conclusion: The findings revealed that most of the concerns expressed by the students rooted from themes of coordination with school and clerkship fields, teaching and supervision in the fields, attendance of tutor in the fields , final exam, planning, lesson plan, educational resources, field report and orientation workshops. Therefore, solving these problems will improve quality of clerkship education and consequently students’ knowledge and competencies.
Mohammad Garakyaraghi, Maryam Avizhgan, Amrollah Ebrahimi, Elham Esfandiari, Atoosa Esmaeili, Shahram Shayan, Vahid Ashourioun, Nikoo Yamani,
Volume 10, Issue 5 (2-2011)
Abstract
Introduction: Using multiple choice question tests, as an objective testing method, is the most common students evaluation procedure , and it is very important to design these tests properly.This study aimed to assess clerkship tests of general medicine courses in the training group of dermatology, psychiatry, gynecology, ophthalmology and neurology of medical college of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences both quantitatively and qualitatively. Methods: This descriptive cross- sectional study was done on the latest tests of clerkship courses of general medicine including dermatology, psychiatry, gynecology, ophthalmology, and neurology in 2008. The quantitative and qualitative indexes of 15 previously held tests were extracted by using valid and reliable checklists used for determining questions with inappropriate question discrimination index, difficulty coefficient, question with 3 choices of zero, reliability coefficient, question distribution based on the announced topics, the scope of questions based on the objectives, the question types based on taxonomy. Data were analyzed through SPSS software using descriptive statistics. Results: Among the quantitative indexes, mean of queations with inappopriate discrimination index was 24%, difficult questions 4.1%, and questions with 3 choices of zero was 12.9%. The average of questions distribution basedon the announced topics and the reliability coefficient were 98% and 77.92%, respectively. among the qualitative indexes, the highest relative frequency of questions were in the fild of signs and symptoms with 30.75 % and the first taxonomy with 59 %. Conclusion: Considering the importance of using standard questions (which are according to the rules for designing multiple choise question) for holding appropriate exams, continuous review of test questions and administering training courses on test questions designing , creating question banks and putting emphasis on preparing two dimensional tables for tests before giving exams are effective on improvement of the quality of the questions
Maryam Avizhgan, Athar Omid, Mostafa Dehghani, Atoosa Esmaeili, Ali Asilian, Mohammad Reza Akhlaghi, Parvaneh Nasr, Marzieh Hosseini, Vahid Ashourioun,
Volume 10, Issue 5 (2-2011)
Abstract
Introduction: Curriculum assessment is part of educational systems. In the absence of an assessment of present situations, any intervention would be futile. This study was done to determine achievement rate of medical students in advanced clerkship (externship) courses through using logbooks. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study was done on medical students' logbooks between June and December 2010 in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The students were passing their externship courses. Random sampling was done and 30 logbooks from departments of orthopedics, ENT, neurology, anesthesiology and toxicology, infectious diseases, and internal medicine were analyzed descriptive statistics and SPSS were used for data analysis. Results: 180 logbook tables were analyzed. Average number of skill performances supervised once or more were found to be : 8 (out of 10) skills in anesthesiology and toxicology, 5(out of 11) skills in infectios diseases,7(out of 20)skills in internal medicine, 8 (out of 13) skills in orthopedics, 11 (out of 11) in ENT, and 10 (out of 10) in neurology. Conclusion: Findings showed that actual skills achievement is far from ideal in the studied departments. Therefore, interventional measures such as involving residents in instruction, more practical instructions in CSLC, using instructional films,arranging hospital shifts for interns ,applying OSCEs, etc. shoud be taken.
Maryam Avizhgan, Elaheh Farzanfar, Mohammad Reza Najafi, Behzad Shams, Vahid Ashoorion,
Volume 10, Issue 5 (2-2011)
Abstract
Introduction: Ambulatory education has a great role in improving the abilities of medical students to encounter with common cases and according to Ministry regulations half of clinical education should be conducted in ambulatory seting.. This study is aimed at measuring quality of ambulatory education in Al-Zahra hospital, Isfahan, Iran. It can help to increase educational quality by recognition releif of current chalenges. Method: This study is a descriptive, cross sectional research. It was conducted by designing a questionnaire and completing it by 180 clerkship students and interns. The questionnire consist of six areas: attending physicians’ teaching quality, residents’ quality of teaching, physical environment and facilities, patients’ affair, intern presence in ambulatory setting and duration of ambulatory teaching. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by educational experts and its reliability was measured through a pilot study (α=0.92). Findings: The conclusions in group of interns were as following: The mean score of attending physicians’ teaching quality, residents’ quality of teaching, physical environment and facilities, patients’ affair, intern presence in ambulatory setting and duration of ambulatory teaching were: 55.2, 52, 54, 61.5, 62.7 out of 100, respectively. Coresponding of scores for was 42.3, 42.7, 45.2, 56.6, 36.1, respectively. By the way, in both groups, interns and clerkship students, the mean suitable number of patients refer to clinics with the best educational output was estimated about 10 persons per day. Discusion: In conclusion, to improve ambulatory education, attending physicians should come to clinics on time and stay for longer duration than past. In addition, physical environment and facilities of clinics should be modified according to number of stagers and interns.
Marzieh Javadi, Asadollah Shams, Maryam Yaghoobi,
Volume 11, Issue 9 (3-2012)
Abstract
Introduction: Educational courses specially clerkship should be improve an active learning and students' personal and professional development and in addition must be tailored to the needs of society. In each educational system, it is necessary to change educational programs in order to meet social needs and reflect the latest scientific achievements. This study aimed to compare two educational programs for first clerkship course of MSc health services management students.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study was undertaken on 10 MSc health services management students who were passing first clerkship course during 2010-2011. They were divided in two groups. We compared the effect of implementing a routine method (which was based on approved curriculum) in the first group versus system-integrated education (which was according to the hospital accreditation standards) in second group. Results were measured in three following areas: students' satisfaction, students' participation in clerkship fields and their linkage, student acquaintance with updated and current concepts in managerial levels of health system. Data was collected using 18-point questionnaire. Data were analyzed using independent T-test.
Results: Mean score of all areas in the second group was significantly higher than the first group. Satisfaction mean score was 2.48±0.58 in first group and 3.28±0.39 in second group (p=0.02). Students participation in clerkship fields and their linkage was 2.32±0.54 in first group and 3.85±0.54 in second group (p=0.01). Student acquaintance with updated and current concepts was 2.62±0.74 in first group and 2.95±0.54 in second group (p=0.04).
Conclusion: Attention to new managerial concepts of health system can enrich the clerkships and be effective on students' motivation. Educational groups can direct training into need–based approaches with considering health system requirements as well as basic approved curriculum. Therefore, they can provide more effective and appropriate training programs.
Sakineh Izadi Mazidi, Foroughe Riahi, Niloofar Khajeddin, Mohammad Salehi Veysi,
Volume 12, Issue 9 (12-2012)
Abstract
Introduction: The number of medical students choosing psychiatry as specialty is declining in some countries. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of passing the psychiatric clerkship on consideration of various specialties as prospective career options and their respect for clinical specialties in medical students.
Methods: In this analytical study, the sample included 104 fifth year medical students of Jundishapur University in Ahwaz who started psychiatric clerkship between spring 2007 and spring 2010. The subjects completed a demographic form, an attitude toward psychiatry questionnaire and a questionnaire to assess priorities and respect for clinical specialties, before and after their psychiatric clerkship. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation coefficient, and paired sample t-test.
Results: The results showed that mean of total scores of attitude before (42.36±9.18), and after psychiatry rotation (47.78±6.86) were significantly different (t=-5.45, p=.001). The mean score of subscales of “overall merits of psychiatry’, “role definition and functioning of psychiatrists”, and “career and personal rewards” were also changed significantly (p<0.001), also score for “possible abuses and social criticisms”, improved significantly(p=0.01) after psychiatric clerkship, but there was no significant difference in “efficacy” subscale (p=0.14). In the priorities of students before and after passing the psychiatric clerkship also there was no significant difference, as there was high positive correlation(r=0.80, p<0.001) between priorities order before and after the clerkship. Respect to psychiatry increased after passing the clerkship, but was still less than other specialties.
Conclusion: Attitude toward psychiatry isn’t the only effective factor in choosing the specialty, and in spite of the significant improvement of students’ attitude toward psychiatry, it did not make a significant difference in their priorities. Although after the clerkship, respect to psychiatry increased, it was still less than respect for other specialties.
Omid Yaghini, Nikoo Yamani, Saeideh Daryazadeh, Mahdi Barzegar, Ali Sadeghi,
Volume 18, Issue 0 (4-2018)
Abstract
Introduction: One of the most important goals of general medical education is to achieve acceptable competencies in clinical skills. Medical schools have to take steps to meet International Standards for general Medical Education. The aim of this study was to determine the amount of medical students' clerkship exposures to expected clinical skills and compare with the Specified minimums at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015-16 academic year using census method (n=95). Educational Council of the clinical departments was provided with a checklist of the expected skills and the minimum number of exposures to those skills was determined. The number of exposures for each clinical skill during the clerkship period and the background information of the students were asked for in the checklist. Data were analyzed using one sample t-test, independent t-test, chi-square and Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients.
Results: None of the students could meet the minimum number of exposures established by the Educational Council in to the clinical skills venous cutdown, anterior nasal packing, arterial blood sampling, venipuncture and serum infusion, splinting, basic CPR, pediatric routine vaccination, wound dressing with debridement and specialized washing process, suprapubic sampling, simple casting and cast removing, and superficial skin abscess drainage. The rate of conformity was adequate in CPR (ACLS, BCLS) and nasogastric intubation, but low in other skills.
Conclusion: The lack of conformity of the exposures to the minimums expected in the number of exposures to the essential clinical skills and the weaknesses in the clinical training of the students indicate the poor quality of clinical education. It seems that achieving the desired conformity for each clinical skill depends on peripheral training and the greater collaboration of clinical residents and clinical faculty members.
Morad Ali Zareipour, Leila Mokhtari, Mohammad Saadati,
Volume 24, Issue 0 (5-2024)
Abstract
Introduction: The quality of the public health clerkship program determines the level of skill acquisition. Quality clerkship program, according to the changing needs of society in the field of health, as well as complying with educational standards, requires academic and continuous approaches. This study endeavored to design, implement, and evaluate the public health clerkship quality improvement program in Khoy University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: This qualitative study was conducted through action research approach in the 2021-2023 academic years. Simmons' six step model for action research was used including diagnosis of problem, information gathering, planning, action/implementation, evaluation, and feedback. Individual and group interviews and focus-group discussion sessions were used for data collection. Content analysis method employed for the data analysis.
Results: Based on the views of stakeholders in the study, 14 problems related to clerkship course were identified and interventions were designed and implemented. Clerkship program, clarifying the blueprint of the clerkship evaluation, better coordination and proper cooperation of the educational fields were the experiences of different stakeholders. Lack of educational facilities in the health centres was a challenge which needs more attention that was not resolved.
Conclusion: The results revealed that using a systematic method for promoting clerkship program quality would be effective. Besides, adopting a participatory approach in curriculum planning and students evaluation using different stakeholders viewpoint and taking advantage of their participation brings better results in promoting the quality of higher education. Considering the educational standards of health centres can lead to the improvement of the quality of field education not only in the field of public health, but also in other fields.
