@article{ author = {}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {175-185}, publisher = {Medical Education Development Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-790-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-790-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Education}, issn = {1608-9359}, eissn = {1735-8892}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Aminpour, Farzaneh and Kabiri, Payam and Naji, Homayou}, title = {Isfahan University Of Medical Sciences: Two Decades Of Scientific Achievements}, abstract ={Introduction: Several studies indicate a significant growth in research activities and scientific achievements in Iran during recent years. Isfahan University of Medical Sciences as a main university has had a special situation in this regard. The aim of this study was to determine science productions of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences since its establishment, during1985 till 2007. Methods: This was a descriptive study, performed based on the data retrieved from ISI Web of Science and Medline databases. Results: Researchers of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences indexed 313 scientific article in Medline and 350 in ISI. Among all schools and centers affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, school of medicine was ranked in the first place regarding scientific productions indexed in the 2 mentioned databases. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a significant growth in producing scientific articles in this university especially after the year 2000. Establishing the rewarding system for article writers, developing and expand-ing the infrastructures for internet, providing on-line services in this university, subscribing scientific databases and electronic journals, and running workshops in research methodology and scientific writing were among the most important factors causing this progress.}, Keywords = {Science production, Research performance, Databases, Iran universities, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {164-174}, publisher = {Medical Education Development Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-789-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-789-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Education}, issn = {1608-9359}, eissn = {1735-8892}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Mahjub, Hossein and Koorki, Masoud and Sheikh, Nasri}, title = {A Comparative Study Of Factors Affecting Reluctance To Scientific Writing From The Viewpoints Of Basic And Clinical Sciences Faculty Members In Hamedan University Of Medical Sciences In 2006}, abstract ={Introduction: Although activities carried out in Hamedan University of Medical Sciences in regard to publishing scientific articles are appreciable, they are not gratifying yet. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the factors affecting reluctance to scientific writing from the viewpoints of basic and clinical sciences faculty members in Hamedan University of Medical Sciences in 2006. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study which was performed using census sampling method. The study population included all faculty members (n=260) of Hamedan University of Medical Sciences. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire consisting of two parts, asking about demographic data and measuring attitude. Questionnaires were distributed among all faculty members and finally the data driven from 228 gathered questionnaires was analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistical methods. Results: Among the participants of this study, 102 persons (44.8 percent) were in basic sciences department and 126 persons (55.2 percent) in clinical sciences department. The primary factor affecting reluctance to scientific writing from the viewpoints of basic sciences group, was lack of proficiency in language skills with the mean score of 3.95±0.96 and from the viewpoints of clinical sciences members, it was due to extra occupation in educational affairs, teaching, and treatment with the mean score of 3.88±1.17. Conclusion: The participants of this study believed that extra occupation in educational activities and lack of proficiency in language skills are the primary barriers to willingness for scientific writing.}, Keywords = {Research, Scientific articles, Attitude, Faculty member}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {158-163}, publisher = {Medical Education Development Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-788-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-788-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Education}, issn = {1608-9359}, eissn = {1735-8892}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Fallahzadeh, Hossein and Mohebb, Sohrab and Ezzedini, Fatemeh}, title = {Evaluating The Characteristics And Structure Of Dentistry Graduated Students\' Theses In Shahid Sadughi University Of Medical Sciences}, abstract ={Introduction: Theses are considered as one of the main sources of information. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics and structures of students' theses as well as their research methodology. Methods: In this descriptive study, all dentistry students' theses from the year 1998 till the year 2004 (176 theses), were investigated based on the aspects of thesis' structure, research methodology, and the results. Results: Thirty seven point five percent of theses were descriptive, 17.6% were experimental, 16.5% were descriptive-inferential, 6.8% were inferential, and 8% were clinical trials studies. Ten point two percent of the theses gained excellent quality score, 64.8 percent gained good quality score, 24.2 percent gained moderate quality score, and 0.6 percent gained poor quality score in writing and research methodology. Conclusion: More supervision should be placed on theses quality by supervisors. It is also suggested to encourage students towards inferential and experimental studies. Moreover, the need to train students in regard to research methodology and statistics is emphasized and it is recommended to develop a comprehen-sive guideline for writing theses.}, Keywords = {Thesis structure, Thesis, Research, Dentistry}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {154-157}, publisher = {Medical Education Development Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-787-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-787-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Education}, issn = {1608-9359}, eissn = {1735-8892}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Rafiei, Sima and Abdollahzadeh, Sina and Ghajarzadeh, Mahsa and Habibollahi, Peyman and Fayazbakhsh, Ahm}, title = {The Effect Of Introducing Evidence Based Medicine On Critical Appraisal Skills Of Medical Students}, abstract ={Introduction: Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) is a set of methods and resources for finding and employing the best evidences among present resources in order to manage each patient. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of an introductory course of EBM on critical appraisal skills of medical students. Methods: This Randomized Clinical Trials (RCT) was performed on clerkship students in Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2007. Thirty-five clerkship medical students enrolled in a two day EBM workshop in students' Scientific Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Each participant filled out a standard questionnaire before and just after the workshop. Paired t-test was used to compare participants' responses to the questions before and after the workshop. Results: According to the findings, a significant change was observed in critical appraisal skills of medical students after the intervention. Conclusion: A short-term introductory course on EBM may increase critical appraisal skills of medical students effectively.}, Keywords = {Evidence Based Medicine, Critical appraisal, Clerkship}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {149-153}, publisher = {Medical Education Development Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-786-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-786-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Education}, issn = {1608-9359}, eissn = {1735-8892}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Rejali, Mehri and Mostajeran, Mahnaz}, title = {The Effect Of Educating Ways Of Contagion And Prevention Of AIDS On Knowledge And Attitude Of Clinical Students Of Isfahan University Of Medical Sciences}, abstract ={Introduction: Currently, the best way for preventing Aids occurrence among medical personnel, is increasing their information and perception concerning risk factors of this disease. This study was performed to determine the effect of education on knowledge and attitude of medical students about AIDS. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was done on 133 medical students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences passing their clinical course. The data collection tool was a questionnaire consisting of three parts of demographic features, knowledge, and attitude. After performing pre-test, the educational program was held during an academic semester and then the post-test was held. Data was analyzed by SPSS software. Scores achieved by samples before and after the educational program were compared using t-test and paired t-test. Results: Forty six point six percent of the participants were female and 53.4% were male. Knowledge score of the students about risk factors of the disease before and after intervention were 15.06±2.07 and 17.12±1.44, respectively. The mean and standard deviation of attitude score of the students also increased from 92.77±10.7 to 97.78±10.33 after the education. Therefore, the results of the study demonstrated the effect of education in enhancing knowledge and attitude of students about AIDS disease. Conclusion: In regard to the increase in knowledge and attitude of clinical students in this study, considering continuing and up to date education in medical students' curriculum is recommended.}, Keywords = {Education, Knowledge, Attitude, Medical students, AIDS}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {142-148}, publisher = {Medical Education Development Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-785-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-785-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Education}, issn = {1608-9359}, eissn = {1735-8892}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Hoveida, Reza and Molavi, Hossei}, title = {Academic Quality Improvement Process From The Viewpoints Of Faculty Members Of Universities In Isfahan Province: A Comparison Based On Academic Quality Improvement Program (AQIP)}, abstract ={Introduction: Academic quality improvement in higher education has recently been the subject of attention in many universities of the world. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of academic quality improvement in Isfahan Universities and to compare the Medical and Non-medical Universities. Methods: In this descriptive study, two data gathering tools including questionnaire and interview were used. The questionnaire was made by the researcher based on AQIP scale and included 26 questions. The interview was a semi-structured one. Statistical population was all faculty members at six public universities of Isfahan province in the year 2005-2006 (N=1851). Statistical sample was chosen through stratified sampling (n=260). The data obtained from the questionnaires was analyzed by SPSS software using t-test, and ANOVA. The data gathered from the interviews was also coded and categorized. Results: The mean score of 6 sub-scales of academic quality improvement in sample universities was lower than criterion (3) in 5 point Lickert scale. The total mean of academic quality improvement in medical universities was 2.97 and for non-medical universities was 2.82 which showed a significant difference. There was no significant difference between mean scores of academic quality improvement according to the faculty members' ranks (instructor, assistant professor, associate professor and higher levels). Interviewees pointed out 4 major barriers to academic quality improvement in universities. Conclusion: Educational administration at universities must fit their strategies and curriculum to students and community needs and expectations in order to overcome challenges and obstacles that they are faced with. They must also concentrate on qualitative aspects of quality improvement instead of quantitative aspects.}, Keywords = {University, Higher education, Academic quality improvement, Academic quality improvement program (AQIP).}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {132-141}, publisher = {Medical Education Development Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-784-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-784-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Education}, issn = {1608-9359}, eissn = {1735-8892}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Hazavehei, Sayed Mohammad Mehdi and Asadi, Zahra and Hassanzadeh, Akbar and Shekarchizadeh, Parivash}, title = {Comparing The Effect Of Two Methods Of Presenting Physical Education 2 Course On The Attitudes And Practices Of Female Students Towards Regular Physical Activity In Isfahan University Of Medical Sciences}, abstract ={Introduction: Regular physical activity has a positive effect on physical, mental, and social health aspects of students and society and presenting physical education course in universities plays an important role in achieving this goal. This study was performed with the aim to compare the effectiveness of two methods (Basnef and routine) of presenting physical education course on the attitude and practice of female students towards regular physical activity. Methods: In this quasi-experimental prospective study, all female students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (n=113) who had taken physical education (II) course in the first academic semester of 2006-2007 participated. Physical education classes were divided randomly into two experiment and control groups. The data gathering tools included two questionnaires, one for measuring attitude towards doing physical activity and also towards physical education course and one International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Students in the experiment group passed physical education course during two months based on BASNEF model and the control group passed the routine course during two months. All the participants were followed up 2 and 4 months after the end of the educational program. Collected data was analyzed by SPSS software. Results: After the intervention, the experiment group achieved a significantly higher mean score in two areas of attitude toward physical education and physical activity compared to the control group. The total physical activities performed in the experiment group had a better distribution and was significantly better than the control group. Conclusion: Employing behavioral models such as BASNEF model may prove helpful in developing the curriculum of physical education (II) course.}, Keywords = {Attitude, Practice, Physical education, Physical activity, Students}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {121-131}, publisher = {Medical Education Development Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-783-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-783-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Education}, issn = {1608-9359}, eissn = {1735-8892}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Noohi, Esmat and Motesadi, Maryam and Haghdoost, AliAkbar}, title = {Clinical Teachers\' Viewpoints Towards Objective Structured Clinical Examination In Kerman University Of Medical Science}, abstract ={Introduction: Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is an appropriate method for evaluating students’ clinical competencies. This study was performed to determine the viewpoints of clinical teachers towards clinical evaluation through OSCE in Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Method: In this descriptive study, all clinical teachers in the fields of medicine, dentistry, nursing, midwifery and heath in Kerman University of Medical Sciences (N=266) were included as the study population. The response rate was 74.4%. A researcher–made questionnaire consisted of 5 domains of cultural, facilities, technical information, time, and characteristics of the test, was used for data collection. The data was analyzed using ANOVA, t-test, Spearman and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: From 198 participants in this study, more than half of them were male (55.1%) with the mean age of 47.8±4.7. The most frequent academic rank, study discipline and university degree were assistant professor, medicine and PhD or specialty or sub-specialty, respectively. The most agreement was on the facilities domain (14.9±2.526) and the lowest agreement was related to the technical information domain (8.91±2.77). There was a difference between the viewpoints of the clinical teachers based on the variables of educational degree, discipline, academic rank, educational experience and clinical services. Conclusion: Although there are problems and barriers for performing OSCE such as lack of facilities and time consuming feature of this method, they can be handled and ignored due to the advantages of this method in clinical skills evaluation. Application of this method through providing proper grounds and overcoming its barriers is recommend for all educational programs.}, Keywords = {Barriers, Clinical evaluation, Objective Structure Clinical Examination, Viewpoints, Clinical teachers.}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {113-120}, publisher = {Medical Education Development Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-782-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-782-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Education}, issn = {1608-9359}, eissn = {1735-8892}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Moattari, Marzieh and Abedi, HeydarAli}, title = {Nursing Students\' Experiences In Reflective Thinking: A Qualitative Study}, abstract ={Introduction: Reflective thinking has been emphasized as an effective educational strategy by many researchers but there are few qualitative researches regarding the results of its application. This research was conducted to find out the mechanisms by which reflection on practice affects clinical experiences. Methods: This qualitative study was performed as grounded theory. The participants were twenty 4th year nursing students having 10 weeks experience of reflective thinking program. A guide on reflective thinking was given to students who were asked to write their thoughts about experiences obtained in clinical environment in their personal journals and give them to the researcher on a weekly base. Then, they received an appropriate feedback based on the scales of reflective thinking levels and thinking strategies in nursing. At the end of the mentioned time, students participated in focus group interviews in two groups of ten. Transcripts were analyzed through qualitative method and were coded in three stages during which the data were categorized and named. The names of categories are the themes of this study. Results: Findings demonstrated that the process of reflective thinking influencing clinical experience emerges in 5 domains of caring, thinking, theory and practice integration, self-regulatory mechanisms and motivation. Conclusion: Students’ experiences in reflective thinking show that reflective thinking leads to having holistic approach toward patients, affecting thinking, integrating theory and practice, and improving self-regulatory mechanisms and motivation. Motivation variable as a central variable influences 4 other themes and is also affected by them. The element of motivation could be added to this cycle as a central variable. Integrating reflective thinking in nursing programs is recommended.}, Keywords = {Reflective thinking, Thinking, Nursing, Learning, Clinical education.}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {101-112}, publisher = {Medical Education Development Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-781-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-781-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Education}, issn = {1608-9359}, eissn = {1735-8892}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeil and Elhampour, Hossein and Shakurnia, Abdolhossei}, title = {Factors Affecting Students\' Academic Failure In Ahvaz Jundishapur University Of Medical Sciences In 2005}, abstract ={Introduction: Investigating factors affecting academic failure may provide a more clear view towards university's function for educational administrators and lead to more appropriate interventions for reducing the effects of academic failure. This study was performed to investigate the factors affecting students' academic failure in Jondishapour University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In this survey, performed in academic year of 2004-2005 in Jondishapour University of Medical Sciences, 100 failed and 100 non-failed students participated. The research tools were questionnaires gathering information about demographic features, satisfaction with discipline and university, mental health, and educational stressors. Data was analyzed by SPSS software using chi2 and t-test. Results: Male and married students faced with such failures more than others. Dropped students worked more for affording life expenses. Most of them had their high school education in villages and small towns, had their high school graduation in summer (late graduation), had lower average score, with more gap between high school diploma and university admission, had older ages, with less literate parents and lower class occupations. Dropped students were less satisfied with their discipline, and enjoyed less mental health. They had experienced more tensions resulted from post-graduation period, dormitory environment, educational conditions, and educational environment. Conclusion: Considering the effective variables on academic performance and students' educational failure, the educational authorities should make appropriate plans and strategies in order to identify at risk students and provide proper consultation and better facilities for them.}, Keywords = {Drop out, Students, Academic failure}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {91-99}, publisher = {Medical Education Development Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-780-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-780-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Education}, issn = {1608-9359}, eissn = {1735-8892}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Madani, Hossein and Bahraminejad, Nasrin and Amini, Korosh and Rahimi, Abolfazl and Fallah, Ramez}, title = {Senior Nursing Students\' Skills In Patients\' Health Assessment In Zanjan University Of Medical Sciences}, abstract ={Introduction: Assessing patients' health is the base of nursing process. Also finding patients' problems is necessary for designing care plan by nurses and nursing students. This study was performed to determine the proficiency level of senior nursing students in assessing patients' health in Zanjan University of Medical Sciences in the year 2005. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, all senior nursing students of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (44 students) were studied. The data gathering tools included a questionnaire consisted of demographic data, which was filled by the samples and an observational checklist which was completed by researchers while observing students' performance in assessing patients' health status. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics methods, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA by SPSS software. Results: Twenty point four percent of students had a poor performance in assessing patients' health, 68.2% of them achieved moderate score, and only 11.4% were proficient in assessing patients' health. Conclusion: Most senior nursing students were not skillful enough in assessing health status. The collabora-tion of administrators of nursing in ministry of health and medical education, hospitals, nursing schools and instructors in order to make appropriate planning for this problem seems necessary.}, Keywords = {Assessing health status, Proficiency, Nursing students}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {81-89}, publisher = {Medical Education Development Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-779-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-779-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Education}, issn = {1608-9359}, eissn = {1735-8892}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Ghaem, Haleh and MohammadSalehi, Nargess and MohammadBeigi, Abolfazl}, title = {Assessment Of Spending Leisure Time In Students Of Shiraz University Of Medical Sciences, 2005}, abstract ={Introduction: Leisure time is an opportunity for individuals to have an intellectual or entertaining activity according to their interests, when they are free from work, gatherings or family responsibilities. This study was performed with the aim to identify students' interests and tendencies as well as their information about facilities of the University for helping the university authorities to plan in regard to students' interests. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 356 students as 10 percent of total number of students in all disciplines who were selected randomly through stratified sampling method. Data was gathered using a questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The mean of the leisure time was 2.47±1.36 hours, which was spent as follows: 88±92 minutes for taking a walk in the park, 77±81 minutes for watching television, and 24±49 minutes for using sport facilities in the university. Students' main priorities for spending their leisure time were respectively resting in 70.9% (n=249), recreational activity in 59.7% (n=209), studying the university lessons in 48.4% (n=170), studying other texts in 47.9% (n=168), doing sport activities in 28.2% (n=99), and entertainment in 22.9% (n=80) of students. There was a significant difference between activities done by male and female students. Conclusion: The amount of leisure time of students in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences is at the same level with students' leisure time in Tehran and Lebanon. Due to the differences in tastes and interests of male and female students and also according to their educational level, university administrators should make appropriate planning in order to increase useful activities for students in their leisure time.}, Keywords = {Leisure time, Interests, Recreational activities, Medical students}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {71-80}, publisher = {Medical Education Development Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-778-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-778-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Education}, issn = {1608-9359}, eissn = {1735-8892}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Sadeghi, Mostafa and Bakhshi, Hami}, title = {The Viewpoints Of General Dentists Of Rafsanjan And Kerman Toward Continuing Education Program Of Restorative Dentistry}, abstract ={Introduction: Identifying educational needs of general dentists and prioritizing them in continuing education programs are matters of necessity. This study was conducted to identify the viewpoints of general dentists concerning their educational needs, proper methods of teaching, and implementing continuing education program of restorative dentistry in Rafsanjan and Kerman. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study, in which 145 general dentists in Kerman and Rafsanjan participated, was performed in the year 2007. Data was gathered by a questionnaire consisting of demogra-phic questions, 17 questions about the subjects and headings of continuing education program of restorative dentistry, 8 and 6 questions about proper teaching methods and implementing continuing education programs, respectively. The questionnaire was based on 5 point Lickert scale. Data was analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics and t-test. Results: Ninety three general dentists from Kerman and 52 ones from Rafsanjan participated in this study. The most important educational priorities in continuing education program of restorative dentistry were new generations of composites, infection control, sterilization principles, causes of anterior and posterior composite resin restorations failure and porcelain laminate veneer. Participants preferred teaching methods of practical training in educational workshops, observing practical works, and lecture along with film presentation they also realized the study of textbooks and scientific journals, watching educational film, attending seminars and congresses more suitable for continuing education program of restorative dentistry. Conclusion: The headings of continuing education program of restorative dentistry should be revised regularly based on the learners' needs. Performing or observing practical work are recommended as teaching methods for this kind of programs. Also new methods should be employed in implementing the program.}, Keywords = {Continuing education, Dentistry, Restorative dentistry, Kerman, Rafsanjan}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {63-70}, publisher = {Medical Education Development Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-777-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-777-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Education}, issn = {1608-9359}, eissn = {1735-8892}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Shayegh, Sedighe and Bazrafkan, Leyl}, title = {Factors Making Students To Drop Their Courses At The End Of Semester In Shiraz University Of Medical Sciences}, abstract ={Introduction: Dropping the courses by students at the end of the semester, leads to interfering educational programs' hours with examinations' schedule in forthcoming semesters, reducing efficacy, wasting time, staying behind compared to other classmates, and finally extending schooling period. This study was perfor-med with the aim of investigating the causes for dropping the courses by students at the end of the semester in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In a descriptive cross-sectional study, a questionnaire in four areas related to the students, courses, teachers' education, and using facilities was developed. The questionnaire was distributed among the students referring to drop their courses in the dates assigned for this purpose. Data was analyzed by SPSS software using chi² and descriptive statistics. Results: Causes for course drop were respectively as: 44.3% unauthorized absence more than legal maximum, 20.7% course difficulty, 20.4% low midterm score, 18.4% interfering with other exams, 17% interfering with other courses, 10.1% inappropriate teaching method, 7.4% personal problems, and 6.3% not studying during the semester. Conclusion: Students must be informed about the rules and regulations, by-laws and consequences of dropping courses at the end of the semester. Familiarizing students with educational rules and regulations and orienting them about consequences of dropping courses is strongly recommended.}, Keywords = {Course drop, Student, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {51-62}, publisher = {Medical Education Development Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-776-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-776-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Education}, issn = {1608-9359}, eissn = {1735-8892}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {SoltaniArabshahi, Kamran and Kouhpayezade, Jalil and Sobuti, Behnam}, title = {The Educational Environment Of Main Clinical Wards In Educational Hospitals Affiliated To Iran University Of Medical Sciences: Learners\' Viewpoints Based On DREEM Model}, abstract ={Introduction: DREEM (Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure) model is used as a diagnostic tool for assessing educational problems and effectiveness of educational changes as well as identifying the difference between real and optimum environments. This tool measures the teaching and learning environ-ment. The aim of this study was to investigate the viewpoints of residents and interns of four main clinical wards in four main hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences about the educational environment. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in four main clinical wards (internal medicine, pediatrics, surgery, and gynecology) of four university hospitals (AliAsghar, Rasoule Akram, Firouzgar, and AkbarAbadi). The DREEM questionnaire with some minor changes in accordance with the national culture was used as a standard tool. The fifty item questionnaires including five domain of learning, teachers, student's perception about her/his scientific capability, the climate dominating the educational environment, and student's perception about his/her social status were distributed among residents (n=86) and interns (n=107). Data was analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The mean of the achieved scores in 5 domains was 140.6 out of 200 which was considered as positive. Comparing the mean of 5 domains showed no significant difference. The mean of the domains earning 70.3% of the score was assessed almost desirable. The viewpoints of two genders of learners showed no significant difference. Residents' viewpoints differed significantly from interns' viewpoints. The total score of gynecology ward was significantly lower than internal medicine and pediatric wards but it was not significantly different from surgery ward. Conclusion: Although, the educational environments of clinical wards were evaluated as almost desirable (in internal and pediatrics wards), it is essential for faculty members to place more efforts on observing principles of instructional design and create an appropriate educational environment in order to provide a better learning for students. DREEM model may be used for monitoring and assessing modifications and changes made in educational programs.}, Keywords = {DREEM Model, Educational climate, Clinical wards, Changes in educational programs, Educational environment.}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {43-50}, publisher = {Medical Education Development Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-775-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-775-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Education}, issn = {1608-9359}, eissn = {1735-8892}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Hassani, Parkhide and Cheraghi, Fatemeh and Yaghmaei, Farideh}, title = {Self-Efficacy And Self-Regulated Learning In Clinical Performance Of Nursing Students: A Qualitative Research}, abstract ={Introduction: Self-efficacy and self-regulated learning play an important role in applying clinical knowledge and competencies. The aim of this study was to define self-efficacy and self-regulated learning in nursing students' clinical performance during field training. Methods: In a qualitative study, 50 participants were selected through purposive sampling method from Iran, Tehran, and Shahid Beheshti Medical Universities. Then 28 semi-structured and 3 focus group interviews were performed with volunteer nursing students. Data was analyzed using content analysis methods. Results: The definition of self-efficacy and self-regulated learning were categorized in five and three themes, respectively. Self-efficacy in clinical performance based on the viewpoints of participants was equal to acquiring clinical skills, assessing patients, and planning, executing, and evaluating care plans. The experie-nce of self-regulated learning in clinical performance was equivalent to efforts for clinical learning along with self-motivation, and practicing nursing process, as well as for acquiring professional behaviors. Conclusion: Self-efficacy and self-regulated learning affect independent patient care capability and help nursing students to promote their competencies and professional skills in this field.}, Keywords = {Self-efficacy, Self-regulated learning, Clinical performance, Nursing}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {33-42}, publisher = {Medical Education Development Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-774-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-774-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Education}, issn = {1608-9359}, eissn = {1735-8892}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Omidifar, Navid and Yamani, Nikoo and Changiz, Tahereh}, title = {The Efficacy Of New Method Of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training In Promoting Knowledge And Skills Of 4th Year Medical Students}, abstract ={Introduction: Educational goals of CPR (CardioPulmonary Resuscitation) training are not fully achieved by traditional methods. The aim of this study was to present a new method for teaching CPR to medical students and also to compare the effect of this new method on knowledge and skills of medical students with current CPR training method. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, Forty 4th year medical students were divided into two experiment and control groups randomly. The control group passed the current method of CPR training and the experiment group participated in a 3 day workshop (first day: theoretical session, second day: group work and practice on model, third day: confrontation to real environment). The test for assessing knowledge and skills was held before and after the workshop. Then the mean scores were compared using independent t-test and paired t-test Results: Comparing the mean scores of pre-test and post-test showed a significant difference in both knowledge and skills of the experiment group. The mean of the difference between pre-test and post-test scores of the two groups in theoretical and practical exams were also compared which revealed a significant difference Results: Considering the higher mean of difference between pre and post tests in the experiment group, it seems that educational intervention enhanced the knowledge and proficiency of medical students in performing CPR. Some reasons could be successive theoretical and practical sessions, devoting much more time to practice, confrontation with real environment, and education through group work.}, Keywords = {Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Workshop, Skill, Knowledge}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {23-31}, publisher = {Medical Education Development Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-773-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-773-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Education}, issn = {1608-9359}, eissn = {1735-8892}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Allahdadian, Maryam and Salehi, Shayesteh and HassanZahraie, Roshanak and Farahmand, Hass}, title = {Proposing Appropriate National Standards For Nursing And Midwifery Education Derived From International Standards: A Case Study, Master Of Science In Nursing And Midwifery}, abstract ={Introduction: Applying foreign standards for accreditation of Master of Science in nursing and midwifery in Iran seems anomalous. Taking advantage of these foreign standards as well as the views of experts in nursing and midwifery, the researcher in this study tried to develop the accreditation standards according to educational circumstances in Iran. Methods: This study was performed in the years of 2005-2006 during multiple stages. In the first stage, international standards were gathered through the internet, and in the second stage, using these standards and the views of expert faculty members, proper standards for the context of Iran were set. During the third stage, Delphi technique was employed for taking votes. Whereas 50 persons having the criteria for entering the study were selected through purposeful sampling method and their viewpoints toward appropriateness of suggested standards for the educational circumstances of the country was obtained using the questionnaire designed in the second stage. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: After applying experts’ views about applicability of these standards to circumstances in the country, 28 standards and 224 indices for nursing and midwifery education were proposed as final standards. Conclusion: Most standards had almost 90% desirability. Issues such as presenting evidences indicating the ability of speaking in English or qualification for education in Master of Science courses had less desirability. It seems that the main cause of their undesirability is the educational status in Iran.}, Keywords = {International standards, Master of Science, Nursing, Midwifery.}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {15-22}, publisher = {Medical Education Development Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-772-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-772-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Education}, issn = {1608-9359}, eissn = {1735-8892}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Adhami, Ashraf and Nouhi, Esmat and Mohammadalizadeh, Sekineh and Jalili, Zahra and Fattahi, Zahr}, title = {Faculty Members\' Attitude Toward Academic Advising And Counseling And Their Viewpoints About Counseling Duties}, abstract ={Introduction: Advising and counseling students, a part of faculty members' duties, is a way for overcoming preventable problems and educational failure due to those problems. The aim of this study was to determine the attitude of faculty members of Kerman University of Medical Sciences toward advising and counseling students and their views about the duties of counselor faculty members. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 164 faculty members were investigated using a question-naire. The attitude questions of this questionnaire had the validity and reliability of 0.8 and 0.67, respectively. The reliability of 0.8 was calculated for questions of counselor duties. The gathered data was analyzed by SPSS software, using t-tests and one way ANOVA. Results: Seventy seven percent of faculty members had the experience of student counseling, 82.6% were aware of counseling duties, and 86.7% were completely agree or agree with counselor's duties. In total, 74.3% of the faculty members achieved the total score of attitude. A significant difference was observ-ed between the mean scores of the attitude based on the variables of academic rank and being aware of counselor's duties. Conclusion: With regard to almost positive attitude of faculty members towards counseling and advising, and their agreement with the duties approved by ministry, there is no doubt that having enough and appropriate knowledge and competency in performing counseling tasks in order to help the students is essential. Therefore, informing and educating faculty members regarding student advising and counseling are recommended.}, Keywords = {Attitude, Viewpoints, Academic advising and counseling, University}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {7-14}, publisher = {Medical Education Development Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-771-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-771-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Education}, issn = {1608-9359}, eissn = {1735-8892}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {YazdankhahFard, MohammadReza and Pouladi, Shahnaz and Kamali, Farahnaz and Zahmatkeshan, Nasrin and Mirzaei, Kamran and Akaberian, Sherafat and Yazdanpanah, Siamak and Jamand, Tayebeh and Gharibi, Tayebeh and Khorramroudi, Rozit}, title = {The Stressing Factors In Clinical Education: The Viewpoints Of Students}, abstract ={Introduction: Clinical education is a complicated process which is affected by several factors and variables. Thus the aim of this study was to determine the stressing factors in clinical education from the viewpoints of students of Boushehr University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 334 students of Boushehr University of Medical Sciences were selected thorough census. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. This question-naire consisted of two parts of demographic data and 60 questions about stressing factors in clinical educa-tion in five areas. Data was analyzed by SPSS software using frequency distribution, mean, standard devia-tion, and Chi², variance analysis test. Results: The humiliating experiences, educational environment, clinical experiences, unpleasant emotions, and interpersonal relationships areas were high stressing factors respectively. The most stressing factors were as teachers' notification in front of personnel and physicians, lack of facilities in ward, watching patients suffering from pain, solicitude about contagious disease transmission, and lack of teacher support respectively. Conclusion: Medical students are exposed to a variety of stressor factors. Thus establishing a supportive system during the first academic year and improving it throughout clinical education is necessary to equip medical students with effective coping skills.}, Keywords = {Stress, Clinical education, Students, Medicine, Viewpoint.}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {341-350}, publisher = {Medical Education Development Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-865-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-865-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Education}, issn = {1608-9359}, eissn = {1735-8892}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {VagharSeyyedin, Abolfazl and Vanaki, Zohreh and Taghi, Shahin and Molazem, Zahr}, title = {The Effect of Guided Reciprocal Peer Questioning (GRPQ) on Nursing Students\' Critical Thinking and Metacognition Skills}, abstract ={Introduction: Fostering critical thinking and Metacognition is one of the most important objectives in nursing education. This study was designed to investigate the effect of guided reciprocal peer questioning on nursing students' critical thinking and Metacognition skills. Methods: In this quasi experimental study, the experiment group included 30 nursing students in their 6th semester in Birjand Islamic Azad University. Two credit courses were presented in this group using guided reciprocal peer questioning. In the control group which included 28 nursing students, those two credit courses were presented using the routine lecture method. California Critical Thinking Skills Test (CCTST) (form B) was used for evaluating critical thinking skills, and metacognition was evaluated before and after interven-tion by metacognitive awareness questionnaire. The statistical analysis was done by SPSS software. Descrip-tive statistics, t-independent test, paired t-test Chi-square, Mann Whitney, and Kappa were used in this study. Results: Performing guided reciprocal peer questioning led to a significant increase in critical thinking skills scores in the experiment group compared to the control group. In spite of the increase in the mean score of metacognitive awareness of the experiment group, comparing the mean difference of pre and post tests in the two groups showed no significant difference. Conclusion: Using guided reciprocal peer questioning in the education of nursing students may lead to developing critical thinking skills as one of the important missions of higher education.}, Keywords = {Critical thinking, Meta-cognitive awareness, Guided Reciprocal Peer Questioning, Nursing students.}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {333-340}, publisher = {Medical Education Development Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-864-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-864-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Education}, issn = {1608-9359}, eissn = {1735-8892}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Namdar, Hossein and Rahmani, Azad and Ebrahimi, Hossei}, title = {The Effect Of A Skill-Training Model On Nursing Students\' Skills In Communicating With Mental Patients}, abstract ={Introduction: The effects of teaching communication skills using a specific model on nursing students' skill in communicating with mental patients has less been a subject of investigation. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a communication skills' teaching model on nursing students' communicating with mental patients. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted as pretest-posttest design, on 49 senior nursing students in two groups of control (24 students) and experiment (25 students). After performing the pretest of communication skills, both groups spent 12 days of clinical education for communication skills. The experiment group was taught using the mentioned model and the students of control group had the traditional training. After finishing the educational course, students' progress in communication skills in the two groups was compared. An integrated checklist was used for gathering data. Students' skills in interviewing mental patients were observed and the results were analyzed by SPSS software using Wilcoxon and MannWittney tests. Results: Both methods of training improved students' communication skills with mental patients. Comparing the two methods, the mentioned training model showed a significantly higher level of improvement in nursing students' communication skills. Conclusion: In spite of the significant effect of the mentioned model on improving nursing students' communi-cation skills, due to the lack of enough evidence in this regard, conducting further studies in this area is recommended.}, Keywords = {Training, Communication skills, Mental patients, Nursing students}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {323-332}, publisher = {Medical Education Development Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-863-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-863-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Education}, issn = {1608-9359}, eissn = {1735-8892}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {MehriDehnavi, AliRez}, title = {The Association Between Interview And Written Exam In Graduate Student Admission Of Medical Education And Rehabilitation Management}, abstract ={Introduction: In 2007 and the years before, the Ministry of Health and Medical Education invited MS volunteers in different disciplines such as rehabilitation management and medical education for interview in addition to written exam. This study tried to determine the role of interview in students' admission in medical education and rehabilitation management during the years 2006 and 2007 and also the association between interview and written exam. Methods: In this study, the scores of interview, written exam, total exam, and written exam materials were extracted separately. Then, statistical parameters such as mean, standard deviation, and correlation between scores were calculated by MINITAB-15 software. It was tried to investigate the medical education and rehabilitation management examination results using correlation coefficient and frequency distribution. This study also investigated the association between interview and written exam and their role in students' admission. Results: The correlation coefficient between interview and written exam scores in medical education examinations was higher than the ones for rehabilitations management which demonstrates a closer linear correlation between interview score and written exam score in medical education examination. Correlation coefficient and frequency distribution in rehabilitation management examination, showed no logical relation-ship between interview and written exam scores. Conclusion: Considering non-equivalent changes appeared in medical education and rehabilitation manage-ment examinations, we can learn about lack of coordination in interviews of different groups. Therefore, it seems that it is better to change the interviews more toward structural, multi-aspect, and individual instead of accumulative and qualitative.}, Keywords = {Interview, Admission, Entrance exam, Master in Science, Medical education, Rehabilitation management, Gender.}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {315-322}, publisher = {Medical Education Development Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-862-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-862-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Education}, issn = {1608-9359}, eissn = {1735-8892}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Mangeli, Masoumeh and Ramezani, Tahereh and Mangeli, Sedigheh}, title = {The Effect Of Educating About Common Changes In Pregnancy Period And The Way To Cope With Them On Marital Satisfaction Of Pregnant Women}, abstract ={Introduction: Physical and emotional changes during pregnancy, could lead to family arguments and violence which may cause untimely delivery, premature neonate, and post partum depression. This study was performed to determine the effect of educating about common changes of pregnancy period and coping with them on marital satisfaction of pregnant women referring to health centers of Shahrbabak. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed using one group design, with pre and post tests. Data was gathered by Enriching, Relationship, Issues, Communication and Happiness (ENRICH) question-naire from 112 pregnant women who met the entrance criteria and were selected by random stratified sampling method from three health centers. The intervention was as introducing an educational pamphlet. The marital satisfaction was evaluated before and one month after intervention. Then, the data was analyzed using descriptive statistics indices, Wilcoxon, t-test, Mann Whitney U test, ANOVA, and Kruskal Wallis test. Results: Comparing the mean scores demonstrated a significant enhancement after receiving information, so that the marital satisfaction score increased from 168.828 into 187.318.2 points. In comparing the mean differences based on variables of gravidity, gestational age, employment status of pregnant woman and her spouse, beauty concerns, and enjoying familial support also a significant difference was observed. Conclusion: The results of this study signify the necessity of couples' awareness about common changes during pregnancy period. Hence, by doing so, health providers can play an active role in increasing marital satisfaction.}, Keywords = {Pregnancy, Awareness, Common changes, Adaptation, Marital satisfaction, ENRICH questionnaire}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {305-313}, publisher = {Medical Education Development Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-861-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-861-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Education}, issn = {1608-9359}, eissn = {1735-8892}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Mahmoudirad, Gholamhossein and Alhani, Fatemeh and Anoosheh, Monireh}, title = {Nursing Students\' and Instructors\' Experience about Nursing Fundamental Course: A Qualitative Study}, abstract ={Introduction: The situations affecting teaching and learning nursing fundamental course may influence acquiring competencies in primary clinical skills. Several reasons have been mentioned for this problem. The aim of this study was to describe the experiences and viewpoints of nursing students and instructors on nursing fundamental course. Methods: This was a qualitative study using thematic analysis method. Fifteen nursing students, 4 nursing instructors, the head nurse of operating ward, and two nurses graduated from the university in which the study was performed, were selected through purposive sampling and interviewed. All interviews were transcribed, analyzed. Results: Using thematic analysis, a significant number of preliminary themes and 7 main themes each having few other sub-themes, were extracted. The main themes included educational factors, not respecting the standards in performing the techniques, the gap between theory and practice, motivation, human resources, communications, management staff, equipments, and physical environment. These main themes and other sub themes have been explained in the main article using direct statements of study samples. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed problems in communication in educational environment and interaction between instructor and students as well as lack of motivation among nursing instructors and students. These are the main principles of the appropriate teaching and learning. It is recommended that nursing education administrators pay more attention to these aspects of educational process and remove the causing factors.}, Keywords = {Nursing fundamentals, Clinical skills, Interaction, Instructor, Student, Qualitative research.}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {293-303}, publisher = {Medical Education Development Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-860-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-860-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Education}, issn = {1608-9359}, eissn = {1735-8892}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Kouhestani, Hamidreza and Baghcheghi, Nayereh}, title = {Refusal In Reporting Medication Errors From The Viewpoints Of Nursing Students In Arak University Of Medical Sciences}, abstract ={Introduction: Reporting medication errors leads to saving patients' wellbeing and safety and also is counted as a valuable information source for preventing further mistakes in future. The aim of this study was to determine the causes for refusing to report medication errors from the viewpoints of nursing students. Methods: All nursing students of Arak University of Medical Sciences (n=76) were selected to participate in this descriptive cross- sectional study. Using a 17 item questionnaire based on 5-point Lickert scale, nursing students' viewpoints toward refusal in reporting medication errors were investigated. This questionnaire included 3 domains of fear from reporting consequences (10 items), administrative factors (4 items), and reporting procedure (3 items). Data was analyzed by SPSS software. Results: Nursing students estimated that 75% of medication errors were reported by them. Among all causes under investigation," fear from reporting consequences" had the highest score (4.13) among all. From 10 existing items in the domain of "fear from reporting consequences", "fear from evaluation score", and "academic consequences", were main causes for refusing to report medication errors. Among 4 items in the domain of "administrative factors", students had most agreement with the item of "lack of appropriate feedback following reporting medication fault". Conclusion: Some medication errors are not reported by the students and fear from reporting consequences and administrative factors are two main factors for refusing to report medication errors in nursing students. With regard to the fact that reporting medication errors could enhance the patients' immunity, nursing instructors should react positively towards the reports of medication errors by nursing students.}, Keywords = {Medication errors, Patient's Safety, Reporting, Nursing students, Viewpoint}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {285-292}, publisher = {Medical Education Development Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-859-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-859-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Education}, issn = {1608-9359}, eissn = {1735-8892}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Erfanian, Fatemeh and Khadivzadeh, Talat and Khadem, Nayereh and Khajedelooie, Mohamm}, title = {The Effect of Teaching by Role Playing on Students\' Counseling and Screening Skills toward IUD Clients}, abstract ={Introduction: One of the most important barriers for using IUD (Intra Uterine Device) is inadequate provision of appropriate counseling. Since, employing new training methods is necessary for enhancing midwives` roles in providing appropriate counseling, this study was performed to compare the effect of two methods of traditional training and role playing on students’ skills in counseling. Methods: In this experimental study, 62 midwifery students were randomly allocated in role playing and traditional training groups to participate in a 4 hour workshop about counseling skills for IUD clients. Before and after the workshop students' skills in counseling were assessed. The data gathering tools included a self evaluation form and evaluation checklists for assessing students’ performance in counseling before and after IUD insertion. Comparisons were made using Chi square, Fisher exact text, t-student, Man-Whitney, paired t-test, and Wilcoxon by SPSS software. Results: The mean of students' score in counseling before and after IUD insertion was not different between the two groups in pretest, but the post-tests of the 2 groups in both skills were significantly different. There was a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores in both groups regarding the two skills. Conclusion: Teaching by role playing leads to a better learning of counseling skills. Employing this educational method is recommended for training counseling skills to students.}, Keywords = {Training, Role play, Traditional training, Skill, Counseling, IUD, Screening.}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {275-284}, publisher = {Medical Education Development Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-858-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-858-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Education}, issn = {1608-9359}, eissn = {1735-8892}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Toulabi, Tahereh and Janani, Fatemeh and QurbanMohammadi, Ebrahim}, title = {The Appropriateness Of Educational Programs\' Objectives For Professional Needs: The Viewpoints Of Khorramabad School Of Nursing And Midwifery Graduates}, abstract ={Introduction: Evaluating the educational programs from the viewpoints of graduates may identify the weaknesses of such programs and provide the opportunity for their improvement. This study was performed to determine the appropriateness of educational programs for professional needs from the viewpoints of graduates of Khorramabad School of Nursing and Midwifery. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in the years 2006-2007 on 407 nursing and midwifery graduates who had graduated during 1999-2005. A questionnaire containing items about demographic data, appropriateness of educational programs objectives for professional needs, and factors influencing the quality of educational programs was sent to participants by mail and completed by them. The data was analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics and Chi-square. Results: Most of the nursing (72.9%) and midwifery (72.4%) graduates evaluated their competencies in taking care of patients as high. They also evaluated the training courses more effective on professional efficacy compared to practical and theoretical courses. From the graduates' points of view, the acquired skills during their academic years fulfilled their professional needs moderately, and lacking the essential skills made the nurses more strained than the midwives (37.1% and 22.4%, respectively). Factors affecting the quality of educational programs were reported by the graduates to be qualified faculty members and instructors, facilities for clinical education, educational environment, used teaching methods, educational facilities of the school, and the availability of scientific resources. Conclusion: professional needs of nursing and midwifery graduates are not fully covered by educational programs. It seems necessary to change the educational programs and provide required means and facilities in order to achieve the professional objectives and train skilled and productive human resources.}, Keywords = {Educational program, Professional needs, Objectives, Graduates, Nursing, Midwifery, Viewpoint.}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {263-273}, publisher = {Medical Education Development Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-857-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-857-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Education}, issn = {1608-9359}, eissn = {1735-8892}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Zeynalou, AliAkbar and Shirazi, Mandana and Alaeddini, Farshid and Tofighi, Hassan and Pajoumand, Abdolkarim and Seyrafi, Hassan and Akhoundzadeh, Shahin and Talebian, Mohammad Taghi and Taghaddosinejad, Fakhreddin and Ahmadi, AliRez}, title = {Determining The Topics And Content Of CME Programs In Five Selected Subjects: Comparing The View Points Of Experts And Target Group A Tehran University Of Medical Sciences Experience}, abstract ={Introduction: One of the most appropriate methods for needs assessment is to assess learners' needs and arrange the educational programs based on their viewpoints. The aim of this study was to determine the topics and content of Continuing Medical Education (CME) programs in five selected subjects by medical education experts and target group, based on the real needs of General Practitioners (GPs) in order to revise CME national programs. Methods: In this cross-sectional applied study, 700 GPs covered by Medical Sciences Universities in Tehran province were studied. A questionnaire consisting of two parts of demographic features and 80 scientific questions regarding their knowledge in five domains of clinical pharmacology, skin diseases, toxicology, emergencies, and forensic medicine was used. The questionnaires were delivered to physicians' offices by trained personnel using a list or by direct referral to offices and then gathered. Three topics in each subject and 15 standard educational contents in total were developed for the target group. Results: There was almost a complete relationship between the opinion of experts and target group in forensic medicine. Some of the first five priorities of the two groups overlapped in skin diseases, forensic medicine, and emergencies. No common viewpoints were observed between experts and target group in pharmacology. In toxicology, there was no common viewpoint in the first three selections of the two groups. Conclusion: Real educational needs of GPs in receiving new information in order to promote their competencies and knowledge were different from those considered by experts. It is recommended to design the educational content for the target groups in the health care field based on their real deficiencies in knowledge and practice and by assessing their views and knowledge.}, Keywords = {CME programs, Educational needs, General Practitioners, Medical education, Content selection, Expert, Target group.}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {255-262}, publisher = {Medical Education Development Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-1780-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-1780-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Education}, issn = {1608-9359}, eissn = {1735-8892}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Khaleghinejad, Khousheh and Abbaspour, Zahra and Afshari, Pourandokht and Attari, YousefAli and Rasekh, Abdorahm}, title = {Educational Needs In Premarital Counseling: Viewpoints Of Couples Referring To Health Care Centers In Mashhad}, abstract ={Introduction: In recent years, premarital programs are considered important in order to promote the quality of married life. This study was performed to determine the educational needs in premarital stages from the viewpoints of married couples referring to health care centers of Mashhad. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 223 couples (n=446) referring to health centers in Mashhad during the years 2006-2007. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire containing 2 forms. The first form included 8 demographic questions and 4 questions related to samples' viewpoints about the way of holding sessions. The second form included 47 questions on 7 areas including fertility, family planning, congenital diseases, prevalent cancer prevention, sexual relationships, relationship with spouse and family, and Islamic and legal issues and 2 open questions were dedicated to other viewpoints of couples. Descriptive statistics and t-test were used for analyzing the data. Results: The need to education in all areas was higher than average in both groups. Comparing the scores in 7 areas showed no significant difference between males and females. The most important need in both groups was concerning the relationship with spouse and family (3.970.067 in females and 3.950.077 in males). Conclusion: Couples have a tendency for more education in the field of relationship with spouse and family, and are willing to increase the number of educational sessions to 3 or 4. Males and females had felt the need for providing educational programs in the mentioned priorities.}, Keywords = {Educational need, Premarital counseling, Viewpoint, Couples}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {247-253}, publisher = {Medical Education Development Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-855-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-855-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Education}, issn = {1608-9359}, eissn = {1735-8892}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Haghani, Fariba and Mollabashi, Roya and Jamshidian, Sepideh and Memarzadeh, Mehr}, title = {Physical Environment Status Of Educational Clinics In Isfahan University Of Medical Sciences: An Inseparable Part Of Teaching-Learning Process In Clinic}, abstract ={Introduction: The trend of medical education is going toward ambulatory medicine and clinics and the effect of physical environment on teaching-learning process is undeniable. This study was performed to determine the frequency distribution of physical environment indices in educational clinics of hospitals affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In a descriptive study, all educational clinics affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (33 clinics) were investigated through census sampling method. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made checklist including features of a clinic and its qualitative and quantitative characteristics. Clinics were directly observed by the researcher. The data was analyzed by SPSS software and reported through descriptive indices. Results: The highest frequencies in the clinics under investigation belonged to the domains of light (100%), facilities (78.8%), and arrangement of seats (84.8%). The lowest frequency percentages belonged to the existence of anti-acoustic walls (0%), access to educational resources such as internet and computers (3%), and access to reference books (6.1%). Conclusion: The physical environment of the investigated clinics was evaluated as weak regarding access to educational resources, as average regarding the existence of internal room, conditioning and access to facilities, and as very good in regard to the amount of light. Due to the lack of study in the field of physical environment, especially in clinical education, it is recommended to conduct further studies.}, Keywords = {Medical education, Ambulatory medicine, Educational environment, Physical environment, Teaching-learning process}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {239-245}, publisher = {Medical Education Development Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-854-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-854-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Education}, issn = {1608-9359}, eissn = {1735-8892}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Hadadgar, Arash and Yousefi, AliReza and Sabouri, Masih and Richard, George}, title = {Psychometric Properties Of A Persian Version Of The Specialty Indecision Scale: A Preliminary Study}, abstract ={Introduction: Diagnosis and management of specialty choice indecision is an important part of career guidance and support for medical students. Determining causes of indecision and resolving them helps students to make an optimum decision. The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of a Persian version of the specialty indecision scale as an on-line questionnaire for medical student and graduates of Isfahan University of medical sciences, and also to determine the attitude of the participants towards this questionnaire. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, using Richard's specialty indecision questionnaire, the Iranian version of the questionnaire for clinical specialty indecision was developed. Face validity and cultural validity were confirmed by educational experts, and translation, back translation method, respectively. Then, the participants completed the online version of the questionnaire. Afterward, the questionnaire's items were factor analyzed. At the end, Subjects were asked about the questionnaire (clarity of the questionnaire, attractiveness of the website, user friendliness of the questionnaire, number of personal questions). Results: Fifty eight subjects participated in this study. The reliability of the questionnaire was acceptable (0.84). Two questions were omitted and five were revised. Items were grouped in 4 factors (general indecisiveness, postponing, barriers, and lack of determination) one of which (barriers) was similar to the American version. The subjects were also satisfied with online questionnaire and 100% of them thought completion of the tool was useful. Conclusion: This study showed that conducting a web based specialty indecision questionnaire is possible. It had differences with the American version both in number of factors and the items placement. These differences are justifiable in terms of the differences in cultural backgrounds and residency admission processes in the two countries. Also, lack of attention to translating the questions and inadequacy of sample size could be other reasons for these differences. With regard to the fact that there are no career counselors in Iranian universities, operating a web based career guidance system, along with introducing a counselor, may help medical students in specialty choice decision making.}, Keywords = {Career decision making, Indecision, Clinical specialty, Career counseling, Factor analysis.}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {229-237}, publisher = {Medical Education Development Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-853-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-853-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Education}, issn = {1608-9359}, eissn = {1735-8892}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Pazargadi, Mehrnoush and Khatiban, Mahnaz and Asktorab, Tahereh}, title = {Performance Evaluation of Nursing Faculty Members: A Qualitative Study}, abstract ={Introduction: Performance evaluation (PE) of nurse faculty members is complicated and difficult but seems necessary. Deans of the faculties, their educational assistants, and faculty member nurses are responsible for planning, performing, and revising evaluation. Finding their common views in developing PE is of special importance. The aim of this study was to elucidate and describe PE of nurse faculty members. Methods: In this qualitative study, the required data was gathered through two methods of semi-structured interview with experts and examining the existing policies, procedures, and evaluation documents. Totally, the contents of 22 individual interviews and 26 series of subject materials went under qualitative content analysis using arbitrary approach. Purposive sampling and census methods were used for selecting the interviewees and evaluation documents, respectively. Results: Participants had a wide-ranging perspective toward the PE of faculty member nurses. Having the analysis done, these perspectives and the content of the existing documents were placed in three major themes: individual qualifications of faculty member, performance process, and practice outcome. The items which were not in the concept of PE but had an effect on it were categorized as organizational factors. Conclusion: Findings of the current study confirms the suggestions of the experts, who agree a combination of individual attributes, behavior, and result-based systems for PE. But, it considers the qualifications of faculty members which are improvable and modifiable instead of individual attributes. Besides, paying attention to some organizational factors which affect PE is a matter of importance}, Keywords = {Performance evaluation, Faculty members, Nurse, Qualitative study, Content analysis.}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {213-227}, publisher = {Medical Education Development Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-852-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-852-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Education}, issn = {1608-9359}, eissn = {1735-8892}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Borzou, Reza and Safari, Mahmoud and Khodavisi, Masoud and Torkaman, Bit}, title = {The Viewpoints Of Nurses Towards Applicability Of Nursing Curriculum In Hospitals Affiliated To Hamedan University Of Medical Sciences}, abstract ={Introduction: The appropriateness of nurses' educational program to their tasks in clinical practice is an inevitable fact. This study was performed to investigate the viewpoints of nurses employed in hospitals affiliated to Hamedan University of Medical Sciences towards the applicability of nursing curriculum presented during Bachelor of Nursing course. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 172 graduated nurses who were employed in hospitals affiliated to Hamedan University of Medical Sciences and met the inclusion criteria, were selected. A questionnaire containing demographic data and nursing educational programs was used for data gathering. This information included basic, main, specialized, and training courses as well as field training in nursing curriculum. After completing the questionnaires by nursing personnel, the data was analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The highest and the lowest mean scores belonged to physiology (2.97), and vital statistics and research methods (1.62) in basic courses pharmacology (3.45), and principles of epidemiology(2.58), in main courses medical surgical diseases nursing 1 & 3 (3.46), and community health nursing 1 (2.34) in specialized courses, respectively. The highest and lowest mean scores in training courses belonged to medical surgical diseases 1 (3.38) and community health nursing (2.33), respectively. Regarding the field training course, the highest and the lowest mean scores belonged to medical surgical diseases 3 & 4 (3.38), and community health nursing (2.35), respectively. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study and considering the fact that most graduated nurses would be employed in medical surgical and critical wards at the beginning of their jobs in hospitals, it is recommen-ded to pay more attention to medical surgical and critical courses in future curriculum planning in addition to conducting more studies in this field.}, Keywords = {Nursing education, Nursing curriculum, Employed nurses.}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {205-211}, publisher = {Medical Education Development Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-851-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-851-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Education}, issn = {1608-9359}, eissn = {1735-8892}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Akbarzadeh, Marzieh and Zangiabadi, Mahdieh and Moattari, Marzieh and Tabatabaei, Hamidrez}, title = {Comparing The Effect Of Teaching Breast Self-Examination By Peers And Health Care Personnel On Students Knowledge And Attitude}, abstract ={Introduction: Training breast self-examination by peers provides an appropriate situation in order to form proper health behaviors during the adolescence age. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of training breast self-examination by peers and health care personnel on students' knowledge and attitude. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 112 students from two schools of dentistry and management of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were selected randomly and were allocated in two groups. They were taken a pre-test and two post-tests. Data gathering tool was an assessment test evaluating their knowledge about breast cancer and self-examination and their attitude toward breast self-examination. Four or five students from each class were selected and trained as peer instructors. Students of the first group were trained by peers and the students in the second group were instructed by health care personnel separately using booklet. At the end of educational sessions, the first post-test, and after 6 weeks, the second post-test were taken. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-test and independent t-test, repeated measure ANOVA, and factor analysis test. Results: There was a significant difference between knowledge and attitude scores of the two groups immediately after education, so that, the mean score of knowledge in the group trained by peers was higher than the one educated by health care personnel. But, no significant difference was observed between the attitude scores of the two groups, 6 weeks after education. Comparing the knowledge and attitude scores, before, immediately after and 6 weeks after education showed a significant difference in each group. Conclusion: The efficacy of training breast self-examination by peers is higher than by health care personnel. It is recommended to employ this educational method more, especially in training self-examination.}, Keywords = {Education, Breast self-examination, Peers, Health care personnel, Knowledge, Attitude.}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {195-203}, publisher = {Medical Education Development Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-849-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-849-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Medical Education}, issn = {1608-9359}, eissn = {1735-8892}, year = {2009} }